FOUR MANAGEMENT FUNCITONS

FOUR MANAGEMENT FUNCITONS Free Online Research Papers The functions of management are divided into four parts as planning, organizing, leading, and controlling in building its foundation. Organizations essentially need these four functions in order to achieve success in business. As organizations must abide by these guidelines to become successful, the managers must use these principles as well. If management does not properly follow these functions, it can jeopardize the organization goals and its employees. For all four parts are essential keys in a developing an adequate, functional management team. According to associatedcontent.com, Planning is the core area of all the functions of management (Rane, 2007). Planning is the groundwork in which the three other functions thrive off of. However, planning is easy to put off as well. While delaying the planning will prove to be troublesome, planning may display an organizations present status and future possibilities. Furthermore, corrections are executed in order to meet the organizational goals. Planning should consistently evolve in its development. Unfortunately, outside factors can constantly change a company both positively and negatively. The second part of management functions is organization. Management must organize all its assets in order to accomplish the organization’s objective determined initially in the planning stage. Through the development of achieving organization, management will determine intrinsic objectives, and then also concede any material needs. Another function of management is the ability to lead. Serving as a soldier in the United States Army, defines leadership as influencing people by providing purpose, direction, and motivation, while operating to accomplish the mission and improve the organization (Headquarters, 2007, p. 1). The U.S. Army carries this definition in regulations. Regulations that were ever violated can be punished by non-judicial or judicial punishment. As in the military and in the civilian sector, developing the leadership in management can direct and manage the actions of the staff in accomplishing the organizations goals, and also supporting them in preserving personal or career goals. Influence can be gained through enthusiasm, talking, and leadership. Employees who are motivated greatly usually excel in job performance, and conveying a very important role in the company achieving its goals. Leaderships input include a great deal of focus into motivating their employees to excel and increase output . Management can come up with rewards based on the job performance and for what the employee needs. Communication is very important in this stage of management, because without the proper communication there would not be a great leader. Controlling is the last stage of the four functions. The control process is cyclical which means it is never finished (Alsalam, 2007). With control, management will have the ability to recognize any possible problems and take control measures. Management is also able to recognize issues that require leadership to intervene with a solution. Serving in the U.S. Army for ten years and being in supervisor and in management capacity, the four functions of management influenced myself and subordinates as well. The functions of management become effortless, as upper leadership orchestrate the operation guidelines and tasks while supervisors facilitate and ensure the assignments are executed as planned. Supervisors must constitute duty rosters daily, weekly, bi-weekly, and monthly to ensure stable future planning. With the ability to lead and control are considered most important functions for a soldiers in a management position as leaders must guide subordinates and make ensure high levels of alertness and awareness is maintained. Also ensuring that risk managements is current and up to date with contingency planning remains continuous as leaders must take control and warrant mission execution. Without the planning process junior leaders and soldiers unsupervised would lead into cluelessness and poor production. With the orga nizing process the management updates the training certification and administrative controls are met to the highest of standards. Leading and controlling is conducted with properly ensuring that soldiers are provided with adequate equipment and have sufficient logistical supplies to enforce the mission first mentality that the U.S. Army lives and breathes by. In closing, the four functions of management are very important serving as a soldier in the world’s most efficient army as well as in the business environment. Without a functional management the organizations, the military, and all businesses would probably be very unsuccessful if not immediate then not soon. For planning, organizing, leading, and controlling are very essential keys in attaining a productive level of management. Reference List Alsalam, E. (2007, May 22). . Retrieved September 14, 2008, from http://engineeringmgt.com/2007/05/characteristics-of-control-process.html. Headquarters. (2007). Army leadership. Washington, D.C.: Department of the Army. Rane, S. (2007, September 12). . Retrieved September 14, 2008, from associatedcontent.com/article/373994/the_four_functions_of_manage ment foundation.html?cat=3. Research Papers on FOUR MANAGEMENT FUNCITONSThe Project Managment Office SystemBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfOpen Architechture a white paperDefinition of Export QuotasAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaLifes What IfsPETSTEL analysis of IndiaResearch Process Part OneIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married Males

Strategic Management in Dynamic Environments Essay Example

Strategic Management in Dynamic Environments Essay Example Strategic Management in Dynamic Environments Paper Strategic Management in Dynamic Environments Paper After some good discussions and ideas regarding the expansion plans of the furniture company, the realization comes about that the main factor to consider is the competition that will be encountered in the expansion country Of choice. As a result, there needs to be further research done regarding the top competition for the furniture company in China. After researching furniture companies in China, the two companies that have been chosen are KEA and Marko International Furniture Company. KEA is a company that started out small by a five year old boy with an entrepreneurial spirit selling pencils and match sticks to neighbors. Because of his drive and determination to help out his family, the KEA brand started in 1943 and is a global giant that has stores in forty-one countries, with twelve stores in various neighborhoods of China. The vision of KEA is to create a better daily life for the many, and their business plan is to offer a wide range of well designed, functional home furnishings at prices that are low enough so as many people as possible can afford their furniture (KEA, 2013). Marko International Furniture Company was founded in 1995 and has lumber resources that are imported, produces various styles of high-end furniture with different cultural elements, and exports to Australia, Canada, Europe, Japan, the U. S, as well as other countries. Marko ranks as one of the top furniture stores in the industry and in the areas of equipment level, production scale, industrial and technical production, as well as marketing, product development, and management. In 2002, Marko created its own brand of furnishings; Marko Home Furnishings and began working with Ethan Allen, one of the largest furniture retailers in the LLC. S, and opened around thirty stores across China (Marko, 2013). As we look at KEA and Marko, it is evident that both these companies have strengths and weaknesses. Because of those strengths and weaknesses, it is important to do a SOOT analysis since it will not only analyze the strengths and weaknesses, but also the opportunities and threats. The strengths of KEA include brand recognition and image, internationally known, unique business model, and a long-term joint venture with their supplier, which equals quality rodents. The weaknesses are privately owned, a reliance on European markets, lower level of customer service, and real estate (large land masses). The opportunities are further international expansion, smaller store locations, moving towards being global and more high-end furniture. The threats are competitors (direct and indirect), shipping prices and rising commodity, copycat companies, and a threat to the performance of the company in specifically the American and UK markets. KEA is a direct competitor to us because of their established global presence and brand recognition, and urinate styles that look high-end, but are inexpensive. They also have several locations throughout China. In some ways KEA has an advantage over us because of their inexpensive products, but are of quality. However, our advantage over them is that our customer base wants furniture that is of quality and furniture that is already assembled (KEA, 2013). The strengths of Marko is their collaboration between Ethan Allen and their own brand Marko Home Furnishings and a strong operating performance, known internationally, free shipping, marketing strategy, and economies of scale. The weaknesses are an over dependence on domestic regions, high employee turnover, expensive products. The opportunities are recovering economy, strategic acquisitions, and additional global expansion. The threats are falling housing investments in the IS. S, labor and Wage issues in China, aging population on main shopper sector, and competition (direct and indirect). Marko is a direct competitor for us because they are a well established company in China with a working relationship with Ethan Allen and export to countries like Australia, Canada, Europe, Japan, and the U. S. They also have a did range of high-end furniture with influences from the countries they export to and a direct competition to our product line. The advantage they have over us is that they are an established company with various locations throughout China (Marko, 2013). When discussing a cooperative strategy with our competitors, this is something that is highly possible with Marko. Since this company has already established a working relationship with Ethan Allen, why not add more partnerships to the mix. This form of relationship will have benefits for involved by adding value to each company. As far as KEA not so sure that a cooperative strategy is possible, KEA is a company that has its own way of doing things and their own ideology. If it were possible, our company would have to do things Kikes way. Another strategy that the furniture company should perform is building a competitive market profile. This process helps companies to identify and communicate with the forecast that offers the best opportunity for success. This type of profile is a concise description of the type of prospects the company wants to sell to. In order to do this there are certain steps to follow: identify the target market or our products as accurately as achievable; profile business customers by a set of different attributes consisting of size, location, and industry, as well as decision makers; research the preferences and interest of that target market; build a profile that is more detailed of the target audience on our website regarding their specific requirements; identify the benefits of the products that represent the best value for our customers; and create a positioning statement that I distinct for each sector of customers.

How can animation and interaction be used to influence learning and Dissertation

How can animation and interaction be used to influence learning and teaching - Dissertation Example Conclusion 23 7. References 24 Abstract Use of computer technology in education, improves the standard of dispensation among learners. It is proved from the research that the majority of the learners and teachers love to use gadgets like computers and other communication devices, due to their effectiveness. The teachers also prefer animation techniques for teaching which improves the quality of teaching with less physical effort, and avoiding mess of papers. Teachers use it for preparing lecture such as on slides, 3 D presentations, drawing objects on screen, with the help of specific computer software which provide excellent features & interactive environment to create/generate idea, update, and develop teaching material with less effort. In the same way the children also like use of these gadgets for learning and practicing which improve their learning ability & understand in a fast manner through illustration such as, pictures, cartoons, objects on screen. The main factor of adopt ing it in the education is the increasing concern of electronic media and different electronic gadgets in our daily life. Animation & Interaction are the best sources for developing interest among children students in order to achieve / attain effective knowledge and entertainment which help to retain the knowledge due to better presentation along with valuable related exercises. Research shows that what ever is the age group, almost all concerns shows their preferences are high with regard to the use of different electronic devices. The best institute always focuses on use of latest gadgets in their institutes for teaching and they have been working with talented teachers to help their students to achieve his or her goal, because teaching methods enhance the capabilities of learners from early age to university level. One good teacher produces several good generations. Chapter 1 MOTIVATION INTRODUCTION In this chapter you will learn about the techniques which are being used to moti vate the students in the classroom and far-learning programs. Motivational technique leaves good impression while giving out knowledge to the learners. Its theories show how single technique could be used to motivate single group of learners. It has been found to be an important element in children, younger, elder & special learner (handy caped or abnormal). Motivation may be rooted in a basic need to minimize physical pain and maximize pleasure. School or college experts regard it as a big social group or a community for learners. DEFINITION The word motivation is the combination of motive-- means Object, purpose, or reason & action-- means to act or react upon purpose or achievement. In education, the term Motivation is always refers as a procedure that extracts, controls, and maintains certain behaviors of the students for learning. It is a group of phenomena which may concern with the nature of an individual's behavior, the strength of the behavior, and the determination of the behavior. All the human beings are not motivated with the same procedure but it varies from person to person and from age group to age group, due to some natural, physiological, behavioral, cognitive and social factors. Each factor leaves different impact on the person’s personality. Every department applies the different techniques to motivate their associates or users. In education the teacher apply such technique from which their students learn maximum. TYPES Intrinsic or internal

Down with Mosquitoes and Malaria Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Down with Mosquitoes and Malaria - Essay Example However, these areas mainly act as mosquitos’ breeding site and therefore people living in around such areas have been found to be the most affected by malaria cases. Several methods such as use of spraying insecticides and depositing pesticide chemicals in water bodies have been used in the past. However, since these methods are not environmental friendly the need to develop other methods of fighting malaria is imminent. In the modern day there has been some advancements such as use of surfactants among other chemical methods. Surfactants are mainly used in water catchment areas to prevent mosquito breeding. Surfactants comprise of elements that are both soluble and insoluble in water hence the ability to diffuse in water. Furthermore, surfactants adsorb between air and water molecules or molecules of two mixed liquids such as water and oil. This aspect of adsorption forms the basis of using surfactants to prevent mosquito breeding due to the ability to form emulsifications. Surfactants reduce the surface tension of between liquids and or between a liquid and a solid. As a result they can be used in mosquito breeding areas since reduced surface tension makes the mosquitos to drown. Additionally surfactants are organic therefore they do not cause environmental pollution and can hence be considered an efficient method of preventing mosquito breeding. However, use of surfactants in large quantities may have negative environmental effects hence their use is relatively restricted. Some common examples of surfa ctants are detergents and medicinal lotions. In addition, researchers have come up with a way of suing heparin to fight malaria. This process involves reducing activity of PfEMP1,which facilitates binding of uninfected RBCs by infected RBCs, by using heparin since it engulfs the infected cells hence preventing the binding.. When red blood cells (RBCs) are infected by malaria parasites they cling to the walls of blood vessels allowing these parasites to

Well-Being In The UK Essay Example for Free

Well-Being In The UK Essay Racism is a socially constructed phenomenon, evident within mainstream societys individual and institutional value systems. The corrosive effects of racism seriously impinge upon the life chances and life expectancy of ethnic minorities, living within the United Kingdom. Within this essay I will attempt to highlight the social implications of racism, illustrating the relationship between racism, poverty and social exclusion. I will also consider recent government legislation and the contribution required from Social Services to combat the perpetuating effects of racism. Within todays society racial classification creates a dominant framework of superior and inferior beings, some still believe superiority of one race over another is a result of biological indifferences. According to De Gobineaue the white race possesses intelligence, morality and will power superior to those of the others [other races] (Giddens 1993:264). Alternatively, black races are considered to be, in educable, deviant and inferior to their white counterparts. These stereotypical viewpoints embody the essence of racism; Giddens (1993) defines racism as falsely attributing inherited characteristics of personality or behaviour to individuals of a particular appearance. The negative affects of racism profoundly impact upon institutions such as education, housing, employment and health to name but a few. Institutional racism is an accepted concept existing within both the public and private sectors. The Macpherson Report defines institutional racism as: . the collective failure of an organisation to provide an appropriate service to people because of their colour, culture or ethnic origin (Macpherson Report, 1999) The reality of such a damning statement confirms the disadvantage ethnic minorities encounter in their every day lives; furthermore the negative effects of racism correlate with statistics illustrating, ethnic minorities experiences with poor standards of housing and lower levels of income. Within the United Kingdom, ethnic minorities represent approximately 5. 5 per cent of the population (Commission for Racial Equality 1999); most minority ethnic groups live in socially and economically deprived areas, experiencing limited access to quality services. Poverty is a fundamental disadvantage afflicting many ethnic minority groups; amongst the diverse population contained within the label ethnic minority groups Bangladeshi and Pakistani families are by far the poorest groups, research carried out by (Foundations 2000) reveals that 60 per cent of Pakistani and Bangladeshi communities live in poor conditions. The effects of poverty significantly contribute towards lower social status, poorer life chances and a feeling of powerlessness; the consequences of poverty not only deprive individuals of material necessities but when combined with racism, exacerbate social inequalities that further compound the disadvantage that already exists. Residing within socially and economically deprived areas, places limitations on the quality and standard of education ethnic minorities receive (Giddens 1993). Many inner city schools fail to recognise, the intrinsic needs of children from different races. Furthermore, under-representation of ethnic minority teachers and a curriculum that emphasises white dominance contribute towards accusations that the educational system is institutionally racist. Maxie Hayles, chair of the Birmingham Racial Attacks Monitoring Unit quotes;- Black children are often labelled by teachers as disruptive and less intelligent than white pupils; creating a self fulfilling prophecy. Black youths need something: they feel debased; they need something to identify with. (Hinsliff and Bright 2000)

Iagos Role in Othello :: essays research papers

How powerful and credible is Iago?s role in Othello? Use literary criticism to inform your opinion. Possibly being one of the most despicable characters that Shakespeare has ever drawn up, Iago is fascinating for his most terrible characteristic: his utter lack of convincing motivation for his actions and therefore this questions his credibility within the play. Douthat, Ross, Stewart and Adam (August 2001, former Harvard University students and writers of the ?SparkNote on Othello?) claim that ?In the first scene, he [Iago] claims to be angry at Othello for having passed him over for the position of lieutenant (I.e. 7?32). At the end of Act I, scene iii, Iago says he thinks Othello may have slept with his wife, Emilia: ?It is thought abroad that ?twixt my sheets / He has done my office? (I.iii.369?370)?. This suggests two of the main reasons why Iago might hate Othello but it does not explain his deep hatred and loathing of him. It seems that Iago does not reveal his true reasons behind the hatred of Othello or that he does not have one. This, then, interferes with Iago?s characte ristics of being a clever, cunning and specific in what he wants and does. Another flaw in the play that can be used to question Iago's credibility is his actual ability to persuade and manipulate Othello. ?Iago, the protagonist is yes evil but yet fascinating. His methods of deception when planting the, ?seeds of poison,? into Othello?s mind are astounding, how he can make an experienced man of the world (although granted he is not experienced in the ways of women, a factor Iago plays upon) believe a shallow and very unstable lie is amazing (Charlie Clough, Dec 2002). This could advocate two things: Iago must have an amazing ability to manipulate and persuade other people (though this astonishing ability is put to use without a main purpose) or Othello, despite our early impressions of him, is gullible and irresponsible with his opinion so we begin to question whether Othello is worthy of his title and position.

Week Assessment

Leading is how a manager gets employees to get their work done to the best of their abilities, influence good work habits, and support the goals of employees for his or her journey either personally or within the organization. How these functions apply to managing others or even yourself in your current or previous job. This student employs the major functions of management in this students current position on a daily basis. Organization is a natural progress in maintaining a good work environment for this student.Others in management struggle with this function, but it is vital in maintaining a daily flow and progress of records for budgeting. Planning for future events, meetings, and time-off for employees is essential to maintaining office schedules and time management. This student maintains the physicians lily, weekly, and vacation schedules so that there are minimal problems with scheduling patient appointments and administrative meetings. Controlling is a new task that this st udent deals with in minimal measure.This student is the contact person in the office because the office is in transition with management in our office. This student updates the interim manager on the needs and issues in our office on a daily and weekly basis giving her the ability to manage her multiple offices without being onsite. Leading is a natural process for this student. In the past, this student has been the anger of our private practice but, with the transition to being a hospital owned office that role has evaporated to the established management team within the organization.The staff still comes to this student with problems and guidance this student is limited to what this student can do but try to help the staff as much as this student can. The most important role for a health care manager and leader in the diversified health care industry. In the opinion of this student, the most important role for a health care manager is leadership. Managers rely on their staffs to do the duties given to hem So that the manager can focus on Other tasks.It is imperative that staff take on tasks and duties that the manager needs the outcomes of the results for the reports the manager has to submit to higher management. Giving staff duties also helps create an integrated office where the staff feels involved with the management processes that have been unobtainable in past management styles. The most significant aspect related to health care management that you want to gain by taking this class. The most significant aspect related to health care management that this student want to gain from this class is how to use my style of management onto effective leadership.

The Decree Abolishing the Feudal System, August 11, 1789

The Decree Abolishing the Feudal System, August 11, 1789 The abolition of the feudal system, which took place during the famous night session of August 4-5, 1789, was caused by the reading of a report on the misery and disorder which prevailed in the provinces. The National Assembly, in a fervor of enthusiasm and excitement, straightaway abolished many of the ancient abuses. The document here given is the revised decree, completed a week later. ARTICLE I. The National Assembly hereby completely abolishes the feudal system.It decrees that, among the existing rights and dues, both feudal and censuel, all those originating in or representing real or personal serfdom shall be abolished without indemnification. All other dues are declared redeemable, the terms and mode of redemption to be fixed by the National Assembly. Those of the said dues which are not extinguished by this decree shall continue to be collected until indemnification shall take place. II. The exclusive right to maintain pigeon houses and dovecotes is abolished.The pigeons shall be confined during the seasons fixed by the community. During such periods they shall be looked upon as game, and every one shall have the right to kill them upon his own land. III. The exclusive right to hunt and to maintain uninclosed warrens is likewise abolished, and every landowner shall have the right to kill, or to have destroyed on his own land, all kinds of game, observing, however, such police regulations as may be established with a view to the safety of the public.All hunting capitaineries, including the royal forests, and all hunting rights under whatever denomination, are likewise abolished. Provision shall be made, however, in a manner compatible with the regard due to property and liberty, for maintaining the personal pleasures of the king. The president of the Assembly shall be commissioned to ask of the king the recall of those sent to the galleys or exiled, simply for violations of the unting regulations, as well as for the release of those at present imprisoned for offenses of this kind, and the dismissal of such cases as are now pending. IV. All manorial courts are hereby suppressed without indemnification. But the magistrates of these courts shall continue to perform their functions until such time as the National Assembly shall provide for the establishment of a new judicial system. V.Tithes of every description, as well as the dues which have been substituted for them, under whatever denomination they are known or collected (even when compounded for), possessed by secular or regular congregations, by holders of benefices, members of corporations (including the Order of Malta and other religious and military orders), as well as those devoted to the maintenance of churches, those impropriated to lay persons, and those substituted for the portion congrue, are abolished, on condition, however, that some other method be devised to provide for the expenses of divine worship, the supp ort of the officiating clergy, for the assistance of the poor, for repairs and rebuilding of churches and parsonages, and for the maintenance of all institutions, seminaries, schools, academies, asylums, and organizations to which the present funds are devoted.Until such provision shall be made and the former possessors shall enter upon the enjoyment of an income on the new system, the National Assembly decrees that the said tithes shall continue to be collected according to law and in the customary manner. Other tithes, of whatever nature they may be, shall be redeemable in such manner as the Assembly shall determine. Until this matter is adjusted, the National Assembly decrees that these, too, shall continue to be collected. VI. All perpetual ground rents, payable either in money or in kind, of whatever nature they may be, whatever their origin and to whomsoever they may be due, . . . shall be redeemable at a rate fixed by the Assembly. No due shall in the future be created which is not redeemable. VII. The sale of judicial and municipal offices shall be abolished forthwith. Justice shall be dispensed gratis.Nevertheless the magistrates at present holding such offices shall continue to exercise their functions and to receive their emoluments until the Assembly shall have made provision for indemnifying them. VIII. The fees of the country priests are abolished, and shall be discontinued so soon as provision shall be made for increasing the minimum salary [portion congrue] of the parish priests and the payment to the curates. A regulation shall be drawn up to determine the status of the priests in the towns. IX. Pecuniary privileges, personal or real, in the payment of taxes are abolished forever. Taxes shall be collected from all the citizens, and from all property, in the same manner and in the same form. Plans shall be considered by which the taxes shall be paid proportionally by all, even for the last six months of the current year. X.Inasmuch as a nationa l constitution and public liberty are of more advantage to the provinces than the privileges which some of these enjoy, and inasmuch as the surrender of such privileges is essential to the intimate union of all parts of the realm, it is decreed that all the peculiar privileges, pecuniary or otherwise, of the provinces, principalities, districts, cantons, cities, and communes, are once for all abolished and are absorbed into the law common to all Frenchmen. XI. All citizens, without distinction of birth, are eligible to any office or dignity, whether ecclesiastical, civil, or military; and no profession shall imply any derogation. XII. Hereafter no remittances shall be made for annates or for any other purpose to the court of Rome, the vice legation at Avignon, or to the nunciature at Lucerne.The clergy of the diocese shall apply to their bishops in regard to the filling of benefices and dispensations, the which shall be granted gratis without regard to reservations, expectancies, an d papal months, all the churches of France enjoying the same freedom. XIII. [This article abolishes various ecclesiastical dues. ] XIV. Pluralities shall not be permitted hereafter in cases where the revenue from the benefice or benefices held shall exceed the sum of three thousand livres. Nor shall any individual be allowed to enjoy several pensions from benefices, or a pension and a benefice, if the revenue which he already enjoys from such sources exceeds the same sum of three thousand livres. XV.The National Assembly shall consider, in conjunction with the king, the report which is to be submitted to it relating to pensions, favors, and salaries, with a view to suppressing all such as are not deserved, and reducing those which shall prove excessive; and the amount shall be fixed which the king may in the future disburse for this purpose. XVI. The National Assembly decrees that a medal shall be struck in memory of the recent grave and important deliberations for the welfare of Fr ance, and that a Te Deum shall be chanted in gratitude in all the parishes and the churches of France. XVII. The National Assembly solemnly proclaims the king, Louis XVI, the Restorer of French Liberty. XVIII.The National Assembly shall present itself in a body before the king, in order to submit to him the decrees which have just been passed, to tender to him the tokens of its most respectful gratitude, and to pray him to permit the Te Deum to be chanted in his chapel, and to be present himself at this service. XIX. The National Assembly shall consider, immediately after the constitution, the drawing up of the laws necessary for the development of the principles which it has laid down in the present decree. The latter shall be transmitted by the deputies without delay to all the provinces, together with the decree of the 10th of this month, in order that it may be printed, published, read from the parish pulpits, and posted up wherever it shall be deemed necessary.

Buddism India to China essays

Buddism India to China essays When a Chinese official received instructions on a Buddhist scripture from a foreign envoy in 2 B.C , China was already an incredibly advanced civilization with a strong philosophical foundation. This factor gave the country a unique position as the exception in a list of comparatively undeveloped countries which were to come under the spreading wing of Buddhism. As such, as Buddhism traveled to China from India, it was obliged to compete with schools of thought that had for centuries infiltrated the minds of the entire population. What set it apart was that Buddhism, although a philosophy, was in practice strongly religious- something essentially new to the Chinese tradition. In order to effectively translate this new doctrine a huge amount of teaching was manipulated and adapted in a way that could be understood by not only the extreme, dedicated monk, but the laity. In contrast to the Indian concern with the other non-descript world in their teaching, various schools of though t in China developed with a more pragmatic approach. Concentrating primarily on the Mahayana variant they reflected a Confucian focus on this world through their quest for immortality and salvation through faith, thus discontinuing the fundamental objective of Nirvana. Taoist interpretations of Buddhism were similar in their focus on this world, and through further misinterpretations of Indian tradition the two, rather than holding to their clearly distinctive origins seemed to merge into less sophisticated forms of mysticism and superstition .This obvious Chinese difficulty in the direct comprehension of foreign ideas was further illustrated in the fact that although there were as many as 13 different schools of religious and philosophical thought in China, each was labeled under the umbrella of Buddhism, indicative finally of a strong tendency toward syncretism. It is thus a tedious exercise to see how, if at all beyond an abstra...

How to Kill Your Darlings

How to Kill Your Darlings How to Kill Your Darlings This August, Simon Woodward published his fifth book, Dead Weapons. During the writing process, Simon faced a struggle familiar to many writers: should he follow his creative instincts or tailor his novel to enhance its marketability? In this article, Simon talks about the act Faulkner’s coined â€Å"killing your darlings,†   and discerning the difference between making clever marketing decisions and self-censorship.Where do you get your ideas from?Most writers have been on the receiving end of this question; the go-to question from friends and family when discussing their writing career. I admit I've never been able to answer this because, well... I don't know.The idea for my novelMy new novel, Dead Weapons, emerged from a soup of ideas and influences that had bubbled away in the back of my brain for a year. One of the main influences was Blur's song, â€Å"Kids With Guns,† and its haunting chorus: â€Å"They're turning us into monsters.† In my mind, it evokes the frightening statistics around the rise in teenage knife and gun crime in London - quoted, adjusted and recalculated in the media, then used by some right-wing commentators to create a public image of a feral generation.  Both of these contributed to the idea for a dystopian novel based around an aging society that has collapsed into a  terminal suspicion of the youth, leading to a permanent child curfew. Finally, the book’s original title had been on my mind from the get-go: And This Boy Loved His Gun. This title was the piton I used to hammer into the rock face, and to haul myself up that 80,000-word edifice. The title is the piton that hammers into the rock face, and hauls you up the 80,000-word edifice. As soon as I had this title, I knew I wanted to write a story for this 'feral generation' of teenage boys. I wanted it to be a dark, contemporary adventure, powered by a cinematic narrative (accompanied by an imaginary thumping bass), and I wanted it to be from their viewpoint. I wanted to return society's suspicious and fearful gaze from the teenagers’ perspective.Writing for a challenging demographicFrom the outset, I felt I was taking on a challenging project: the presence of the words boy and gun in a YA book title was likely to elicit knee-jerk reactions from  some,  and although I wanted to write this story for the teen demographic, there was no guarantee they'd want to read it.Highlighting the second issue was a 2016 Neilson Book Research investigation that reported a decline in teenagers who regularly read for pleasure - in particular amongst boys.  The report identified the battle for attention with social media, YouTube, the gaming industry and even good old-f ashioned television. When interviewed, boys of all ages named video game/app integrated books as the key thing that would encourage them to read more.I don't own the rights to any video games or killer apps, and so I resolved to give them the closest thing I could. Dead Weapons’ hero is Ciaran Richards, a sixteen-year-old boy framed for murder. On the run from the police, a powerful gangster, and a secret government department, Ciaran has a malfunctioning, intelligent revolver stuck to his hand - making him the literary version of a first-person shooter from computer games.  However, the last he wants to do is use the gun. He wants to let it go so he can go back to his life, but he can’t.Determining the marketability of my bookWhen my agent approached publishers with the book, several editorial directors were keen to take it on, but in each case marketing departments squashed its chances  at the acquisitions stage. I suspect that this had something to do with the subject matter and those two words sitting close together in the title. Perhaps it wasn't self-censorship after all, but a classic case of a writer refusing to cut or change something that didn't serve the story. Maybe I'd forgotten an essential piece of writing advice. As Stephen King said in On Writing (paraphrasing William Faulkner): â€Å"Kill your darlings, kill your darlings, even when it breaks your egocentric little scribbler's heart, kill your darlings.† "Even when it breaks your egocentric little scribbler's heart, kill your darlings.† - Stephen King Please share your thoughts, experiences, or any questions for Simon Woodward in the comments below!Dead Weapons is available in paperback and on Amazon Kindle.

The Link between Fiscal policy and Economic Growth Literature review

The Link between Fiscal policy and Economic Growth - Literature review Example This called for strategic approaches towards influencing the economy positively. As a result, many approaches have been used to influence the nations’ economy in different ways, for instance, the use monetary policy, macroeconomic policy and fiscal policy, which are applicable in many countries. In some instances, some economic goals are met through a combination of several policies, depending on the nature of the goals to be met. Generally, fiscal policy is the process of influencing macroeconomic conditions through policies of government spending. The practice involves influencing a nation’s economy through the collection of revenue, borrowing and using government’s expenditure. In this case, the government engages in adjusting the levels of its spending in a bid to track and influence the economy of the nation. The policies of government spending often affect the interest and tax rates alongside the government’s spending (Barro and Redlick, 2011, 57). Just like other policies of influencing a nation’s economy, fiscal policy is applicable directing the economic goals of the country. The main goal is always the stability of the country’s economy through the control of spending and interest rates. The Concept of Fiscal Policy John M. Keynes, a British economist, came up with theories that are currently applicable in fiscal policy. His theories state that governments and nations, through the increase or decrease of public spending and the level of taxes, can influence the levels of macroeconomic productivity (Barro and Jin, 2011, 1568). The theory suggests further that such influences can further maintain the value of the currency at levels that are healthy, increase employment and curb inflation. The point of focus in the modern economics is the growth theory. This theory addresses the implications of economic growth regarding to wealth (Brzezinski and Dzielinski, 2009, 244) besides addressing the factors triggering economic growth. The system of economics can be stimulated through learning-by-doing mechanisms, which are essential for self-sustainable economic growth. These mechanisms can be induced into the economy by the government acts. Similarly, endogenous growth theory relates to fiscal policy, give n that the outcome of the process involves the issue of losers and winners. With regard to neoclassical growth models formulated by Swan and Solow (Solow, 1956, 67), the exogenous rate of progress in technology is the backbone of growth income per capita, in its steady state. Every policy is characterised by the need of growth, even though the economy’s steady level of operation will be affected by the policy. In this case, the rate of economic growth will only be influenced by the economic policy when the economy is being transited to a steady state. Endogenous growth theory’s distinguishing characteristic that is crucial in fiscal policy is the visualisation of the nature of knowledge (Tcherneva, 2010, 27). This standard framework of making fiscal policy has been deduced from this model, with regard to taxation and government spending. Thus, this explains why many researches focus on the roles of governments in influencing the economy through dividing and stabilising the cake as opposed to enlarging the economy. Primarily, the study of the link between fiscal policy and economic growth has had the focus on the relationship between taxation and gove

Criminal Liability Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Criminal Liability - Assignment Example The fact that Neil died as a result of the scuffle with John, John may be held liable for manslaughter. Note that under the Homicide Act 1957, a person may be charged with voluntary manslaughter if death resulted from the act of another. Note that John came back and confronted Neil and he bodily pushed Neil to the ground then kicked him. Even if John did not intend to kill Neil, he is still guilty of maliciously inflicting bodily harm against Neil. When John came back to the scene to confront Neil, he already showed the elements of a guilty mind or mens rea as he had the chance to think things over when he turned away. The fact that Neil died in the hospital after he contracted MRSA does not excuse John from liability of his death.As stated by the court in the case of R v Blaue , where the subsequent events that lead to the death of the victim are foreseeable consequences of the incident and such foreseeable consequences would not have happened if not for the unlawful acts of the acc used, then there is no break in the causation and the accused may still be held liable for the death of the victim. In the case of John, he may be held liable for voluntary manslaughter under the Homicide Act 1957. However, John may use provocation as a mitigating circumstance to reduce his culpability. In order for John to make use of the defense of provocation, he should prove to the court that he is a reasonable man as defined by the court in the case of R v Ahluwalia   and he should prove to the court.